Everything about Henry Enfield Roscoe totally explained
Sir
Henry Enfield Roscoe FRS (
January 7,
1833 -
December 18,
1915) was an English
chemist, born in
London.
After studying at the
Liverpool Institute for Boys and
University College London, he went to
Heidelberg to work under
Robert Bunsen, who became a lifelong friend. In 1857, he was appointed to the chair of chemistry at
Owens College,
Manchester, where he remained for thirty years, and from 1885 to 1895 he was MP for
Manchester South. He served on several royal commissions appointed to consider educational questions, in which he was keenly interested, and from 1896 to 1902 was vice-chancellor of the
University of London. He was knighted in 1884.
His scientific work includes a memorable series of researches carried out with Bunsen between 1855 and 1862, in which they laid the foundations of comparative
photochemistry. In 1867, he began an elaborate investigation of
vanadium and its compounds, and devised a process for preparing it pure in the metallic state, at the same time showing that the substance which had previously passed for the metal was contaminated with
oxygen and
nitrogen. He was also the author of researches on
niobium,
tungsten,
uranium,
perchloric acid, the
solubility of
ammonia, etc.
Roscoe's publications include, besides several elementary books on chemistry that had a wide circulation and were translated into many foreign languages,
Lectures on Spectrum Analysis (1869); a
Treatise on Chemistry (the first edition of which appeared in 1877-1892);
A New View of Daltons Atomic Theory, with Dr
Arthur Harden (1896); and an Autobiography (1906). The
Treatise on Chemistry, written in collaboration with
Carl Schorlemmer (1834-1892), who was appointed his private assistant at Manchester in 1859, official assistant in the laboratory in 1861, and professor of organic chemistry in 1874, was long regarded as a standard work. Roscoe's
Lessons in Elementary Chemistry (1866) passed through many editions in England and abroad.
He was the uncle of
Beatrix Potter. The mineral
Roscoelite was named after him, due to its vanadium content and Roscoe's work on that element.
Selected works
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